There are many learning myths circulating on the internet that often sound seductively simple, but are not always scientifically tenable. These common learning myths are based on popular opinion rather than scientific fact. Effective learning requires a sound understanding of how our brains process information and a combination of tried and tested methods such as active repetition, breaks, targeted practice and sufficient sleep. Here are some of the most common learning myths:
1. Multitasking improves learning performance
Myth: Multitasking helps to complete several tasks at the same time and increases productivity.
Truth: The brain can’t really focus on two cognitive tasks at the same time. Multitasking leads to more frequent interruptions and reduces efficiency and learning performance.
2. People learn either visually, auditorily or kinaesthetically (learning styles)
Myth: Everyone has a preferred learning style (visual, auditory, kinaesthetic) and you should only focus on this style.
Truth: Studies have shown that there is no significant evidence that adapting learning to personal learning styles improves learning outcomes. Rather, it is more effective to combine different methods to better process information.
3. Repetition is the key to learning
Myth: Simply repeating information always leads to better results.
Truth: Repetition alone does not lead to long-term learning. It is more important to actively work with the information, e.g. by recalling, applying and linking knowledge.
4. Learning is only best when you study long and hard
Myth: Longer, more intensive learning sessions lead to better results.
Truth: Longer learning sessions can lead to overload and exhaustion. Short, regular study sessions with breaks (spaced repetition) are more effective and lead to better long-term results.
5. There is a ‘critical window’ for language learning
Myth: Children learn languages much more easily than adults, and after a certain age, learning a language is much more difficult.
Truth: While it is true that children master pronunciation faster, adults often have a better understanding of grammar and syntax. With the right method, an adult can also successfully learn a new language.
6. The ‘learning channel’ is the only way to learn effectively
Myth: Once you have found the right ‘learning channel’ (e.g. visual, auditory), learning automatically becomes easier.
Truth: Research shows that learners generally benefit from a mixture of sensory impressions, i.e. visual, auditory and kinaesthetic impressions together. A single learning channel is not the only solution.
7. Sleep is less important than learning itself
Myth: You can do without sleep in order to have more time to learn.
Truth: Sleep is essential for consolidating what you have learnt. Studies have shown that sleep plays a key role in consolidating new information and strengthening memory.
8. You can always learn ‘at the last minute’
Myth: If you have enough pressure, you will be able to concentrate better and learn more.
Truth: Studying at the last minute often leads to stress and poorer results. It is better to prepare for exams early and spread your learning over a longer period of time.
9. There is a ‘perfect’ learning time
Myth: Certain times of day are better for learning than others (e.g. in the morning).
Truth: Everyone has different biological rhythms, and the best time to study depends on your own productivity and alertness. Some people are more productive in the morning, others in the evening. It is important to listen to your body.
10. The brain ‘matures’ after a certain number of years and can no longer learn as well
Myth: After adolescence, the brain is less capable of learning new skills or developing further.
Truth: The brain remains plastic and capable of learning throughout life. With the right approach and practice, even adults can learn new skills and develop mentally.
11. ‘Learning by teaching’ is the best way to deepen knowledge
Myth: If you teach someone else something, you will retain the knowledge better.
Truth: While ‘learning by teaching’ can be an effective way to deepen knowledge, it is not the only or best method. It depends on how well you already understand the subject. For complicated topics, it may be more effective to do in-depth study first.
12. The brain is like a sponge and can absorb unlimited knowledge
Myth: The brain can store an unlimited amount of information, just like a sponge absorbs water.
Truth: The brain naturally has a large capacity, but it is not unlimited. There are cognitive limits, and learning often needs to be structured and organised in a meaningful way in order to be efficient.